中浩機械文獻——外壓金屬波紋管的三種失穩形式-河北中浩機械製造有限公司

　　金屬波紋管膨脹節作為管道熱補償元件
，在石化、冶金、供熱、電(dian)力(li)等(deng)領(ling)域(yu)被(bei)廣(guang)泛(fan)地(di)應(ying)用(yong)

，經(jing)過(guo)不(bu)斷(duan)探(tan)索(suo)研(yan)究(jiu)，常(chang)規(gui)的(de)波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)膨(peng)脹(zhang)節(jie)設(she)計(ji)計(ji)算(suan)已(yi)趨(qu)於(yu)成(cheng)熟(shu)。但(dan)隨(sui)著(zhe)社(she)會(hui)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)
，新(xin)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)領(ling)域(yu)的(de)開(kai)發(fa)
，對(dui)於(yu)波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)膨(peng)脹(zhang)節(jie)應(ying)用(yong)要(yao)求(qiu)不(bu)斷(duan)提(ti)高(gao)，相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)帶(dai)來(lai)了(le)許(xu)多(duo)新(xin)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)。近(jin)年(nian)來(lai)，外(wai)壓(ya)金(jin)屬(shu)波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)在(zai)供(gong)熱(re)管(guan)道(dao)中(zhong)大(da)量(liang)應(ying)用(yong)，關(guan)於(yu)承(cheng)受(shou)外(wai)壓(ya)的(de)金(jin)屬(shu)波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)的(de)設(she)計(ji)方(fang)法(fa)，GB12777、EJMA和ASME B31.3等(deng)國(guo)內(nei)外(wai)相(xiang)關(guan)標(biao)準(zhun)中(zhong)均(jun)與(yu)承(cheng)受(shou)內(nei)壓(ya)的(de)金(jin)屬(shu)波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)相(xiang)似(si)。但(dan)隨(sui)著(zhe)供(gong)熱(re)技(ji)術(shu)進(jin)步(bu)和(he)節(jie)能(neng)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)，金(jin)屬(shu)波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)膨(peng)脹(zhang)節(jie)產(chan)品(pin)口(kou)徑(jing)逐(zhu)漸(jian)增(zeng)大(da)，對(dui)其(qi)補(bu)償(chang)性(xing)能(neng)指(zhi)標(biao)也(ye)不(bu)斷(duan)提(ti)高(gao)，外(wai)壓(ya)金(jin)屬(shu)波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)失(shi)效(xiao)時(shi)有(you)發(fa)生(sheng)，並(bing)且(qie)出(chu)現(xian)了(le)與(yu)內(nei)壓(ya)金(jin)屬(shu)波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)有(you)所(suo)區(qu)別(bie)的(de)失(shi)效(xiao)形(xing)式(shi)
，需(xu)要(yao)對(dui)外(wai)壓(ya)金(jin)屬(shu)波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)研(yan)究(jiu)。

　　常(chang)見(jian)的(de)金(jin)屬(shu)波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)失(shi)穩(wen)形(xing)式(shi)有(you)平(ping)麵(mian)失(shi)穩(wen)和(he)柱(zhu)狀(zhuang)失(shi)穩(wen)兩(liang)種(zhong)，外(wai)壓(ya)金(jin)屬(shu)波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)也(ye)可(ke)能(neng)出(chu)現(xian)類(lei)似(si)外(wai)壓(ya)圓(yuan)筒(tong)的(de)彈(dan)性(xing)失(shi)穩(wen)和(he)塑(su)性(xing)失(shi)效(xiao)。外(wai)壓(ya)金(jin)屬(shu)波(bo)紋(wen)管(guan)工(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)受(shou)拉(la)伸(shen)，不(bu)會(hui)發(fa)生(sheng)柱(zhu)狀(zhuang)失(shi)穩(wen)
，因(yin)此(ci)失(shi)效(xiao)形(xing)式(shi)可(ke)能(neng)是(shi)平(ping)麵(mian)失(shi)穩(wen)或(huo)者(zhe)外(wai)壓(ya)失(shi)穩(wen)。

　　1）平麵失穩

　　pingmianshiwenzhiyigehuoduogebowenpingmianfashengyidonghuopianzhuan
，bianxingdetedianshiyigehuoduogebowenchuxianqingxiehuoqiaoqu，biaoxianweishibojubiandebujunyun。zaochengpingmianshiwendeyuanyinzhuyaoshiyouyuyanziwuxiangzuoyongdewanquyingliguoda
，bingzaibofengheboguxingchenglesuxingjiao。

　　2）外壓失穩

　　jinshubowenguanwaiyawendingxingshijiangqishiweiyigeyuqichangduxiangtongdeyuantonganzhaoyalirongqiguifanjinxingxiaohe。waiyarongqishiwendedingyishizaiwaiyazuoyongxiatongtituranshiquyuanyouxingzhuangerbeiyabiehuochuxianbowendexianxiang，chengweiwaiyarongqideshiwen。shiwenxingshiyoucexiangshiwen、軸向失穩和局部失穩三種。

　　側向失穩：主要承受側向外壓，變形為橫截麵由圓形變成波形（扁了、癟了）；

　　局部失穩：局部外壓，變形為局部徑線由直線變成曲線

；

　　軸向失穩：承受軸向外壓，變形為徑線由直線變為曲線。

　　外壓金屬波紋管軸向為拉伸載荷，不需要校核軸向穩定性。根據EJMA第九版4.15所述
，承受外壓的金屬波紋管的周向穩定性是將金屬波紋管與相連接的接管作為一個整體來校核。

　　3）拉伸位移的影響

　　通tong過guo穩wen定ding性xing試shi驗yan和he非fei線xian性xing有you限xian元yuan計ji算suan研yan究jiu了le金jin屬shu波bo紋wen管guan在zai外wai壓ya和he位wei移yi同tong時shi作zuo用yong下xia的de穩wen定ding性xing，指zhi出chu拉la伸shen位wei移yi對dui金jin屬shu波bo紋wen管guan的de穩wen定ding性xing具ju有you不bu利li的de影ying響xiang。EJMA中zhong平ping麵mian失shi穩wen計ji算suan公gong式shi中zhong增zeng加jia了le拉la伸shen位wei移yi對dui壓ya力li的de影ying響xiang。對dui於yu外wai壓ya金jin屬shu波bo紋wen管guan周zhou向xiang穩wen定ding性xing校xiao核he，是shi將jiang金jin屬shu波bo紋wen管guan視shi為wei軸zhou向xiang不bu發fa生sheng變bian化hua的de剛gang性xing外wai壓ya圓yuan筒tong
，僅jin校xiao核he其qi徑jing向xiang承cheng受shou外wai壓ya的de能neng力li，並bing未wei考kao慮lv實shi際ji工gong況kuang中zhong金jin屬shu波bo紋wen管guan是shi發fa生sheng軸zhou向xiang拉la伸shen位wei移yi的de彈dan性xing元yuan件jian，目mu前qian相xiang關guan標biao準zhun中zhong沒mei有you給gei出chu理li論lun計ji算suan方fang法fa。

　　waiyajinshubowenguanxiangdangyuyigeshouyalidegongliang，gongzuoshijinshubowenguanlashen，bofengdezhijingbubian，tongshi，bofengweilexietiaobianxing，fashengweiyi
，zaiwaiyachanshengdezhouxiangyayinglihejingxiangshousuobianxinggongtongzuoyongxia，bofengchuxingchenglesuxingjiao，youxiangxiataxiandequshi。yinci，dangwaiyahelashenweiyitongshizuoyongshi，cebiheyuanhulianjiechushouxianchuxianqufu
，bingsuizhezaihezengjia，qufudemianjizhujiankuoda，zaibofengchuyinglijizhonggongtongdezuoyongxia，bowencebiqufuyimianchuxianlezhezhouhebofengtaxiandejubushiwenxianxiang。